قواعدُ السلوك الإنساني في الحرب في ضوء الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الدَّولي الإنساني

المؤلفون

  • د. عبد الرزاق أحمد رغيف الشمَّري كلية السلام الجامعة - قسم القانون

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35246/jols.v37i2.561

الكلمات المفتاحية:

القانون الدولي الإنساني، اتفاقيات جنيف، قانون الحرب، النزاع المسلح

الملخص

       تكمُن أهمية البحث في توصيف الحرب في إطار القانون الدولي والفقه الإسلامي ، ومدى مشروعيتها ، ومُحاولة إبراز القيمة الحقوقية لقواعد السلوك الإنساني في الحرب التي أسَّست لها الشريعة الإسلامية ، وكيفَ تعاملت مع بعض الفئات من المُقاتلين (الأسرى مثالاً) ، ومُقارنتها بالاتفاقيات والمُعاهدات الدولية المُنظّمة لهذا السلوك على صعيد القانون الدولي الإنساني.

    اما مُشكلة البحث فهي مُحاولة تأصيل قواعد السلوك الإنساني في الحرب ، التي جاءت بها اتفاقيات لاهاي (1899- 1907) واتفاقيات جنيف لعام 1949 والبروتوكولات المُلحقة بها ، وتأصيلها بما جاء في الفقه الإسلامي من أحكام وقواعد تضبط إيقاع ذلك السلوك ، وإمكانية التوفيق بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الدولي الإنساني ، وإبراز ما تميَّز به الفقه الإسلامي من أصالة مُتفرِّدة.

     ويخلص البحث إلى أن الكثير من قواعد السلوك الإنساني التي نصَّت عليها المعاهدات الدولية مُستمدّة من روح الفقه الإسلامي ، والذي كانَ سبَّاقاً في تأصيل وبلوَرة الطابع الإنساني للحرب ، من خلال نظرتهِ الموضوعية لحالة الحرب وقواعد السلوك الإنساني فيها ، لذلك يُمكننا القول بأنَّ الشريعة الإسلامية سبقت القانون الدولي بقرون عديدة ، في وضع قواعد مثالية للسلوك الإنساني في الحرب والقتال.

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

المراجع

The Holy Quran

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Third: Translated Books

i. Ger Hard Gallan, The Law among Nations, Part Three, translated by Eli and Reel, Dar Al-Jeel, Beirut.

Fourth: International Conventions, Treaties and Covenants

i. The Hague Conventions Governing the Customs of War on Land of 1899.

ii. The Bryan-Kellogg Pact of 1928

iii. United Nations Charter of 1945

iv. The Third Geneva Conventions on Prisoners of War of 1949

v. Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1977

vi. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998

Fifth: Constitutions and Laws

i. The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005

Sixth: Websites

i. Wikipedia, Nazi crimes against Soviet prisoners of war, research published on the Internet, date of visit: Friday, February 4, 2022, at 10:32 pm.

التنزيلات

منشور

24-12-2022 — تم تحديثه في 04-01-2023

النسخ

كيفية الاقتباس

الشمَّري عبد الرزاق. (2022) 2023. "قواعدُ السلوك الإنساني في الحرب في ضوء الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الدَّولي الإنساني". مجلة العلوم القانونية 37 (2): 589-616. https://doi.org/10.35246/jols.v37i2.561.

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