الضمانات التشريعية لتمكين المرأة في تَوَلِّي الوظائف العامة وتقليل الفجوة بين الجنسين

Books:

I. Elohkare. Elsaheh. Investigation of a group of scholars. Royal Edition, 1311 A.H.

II. Al-Rayes, Rizk bin Maqbool, and Reda Mahmoud Al-Abed. 2020. Explanation of the provisions of the Saudi Labor Law. 3. Riyadh: Dar Khalid Abdullah Al-Shaqri for Publishing and Distribution.

III. Al-Ruyani, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Haroun. Musnadah. Researched by Ayman Ali Abu Yamani. i. 1. Cairo: Cordoba Foundation, 1416 A.H.

IV. Al-Zaqrad, Ahmed Al-Saeed. 1993. Explanation of the Labor Law. Mansoura: um Al-Qura Publishing and Distribution House.

V. Sorour, Ahmed Fathy. 2000. Constitutional Protection of Rights and Freedoms. Egypt: Dar El Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.

VI. Mansour, Mohammad Hussein. 1995. Labor Law in Egypt and Lebanon. Beirut Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya for Printing and Publishing.

University Thesis:

I. Al-Saadoun, Jadaan Abdullah. 2014. "Protecting Women Working in the Saudi Labor System: A Comparative Study." Unpublished Master's Thesis, Mutah University, Jordan.

Laws and Regulations:

I. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. December 10, 1948.

II. Statute of Governance. Royal Decree No. A/90, 27/8/1412 AH.

III. Saudi Labor Law, Royal Decree No. M/51, 23/8/1426 H, Amended by Royal Decree No. M/44 dated 8/2/1446 H

IV. Civil Service Law, Royal Decree No. M/49, 1397 A.H.

V. The Executive Regulations for Human Resources in the Civil Service issued by Ministerial Resolution No. 1550 dated 9/6/1440 H.

VI. Organizing the Council of Family Affairs, issued by Cabinet Resolution No. (443) dated 20/10/1437, as amended by Cabinet Resolutions No. (14) dated 6/1/1439 and No. (311) dated 5/5/1441 H.

VII. Cabinet Resolution No. (97) dated 5/2/1442 deciding as follows: Replacing the phrase "Ministry of Human Resources" and "Ministry of Labor and Social Development" with "Ministry of Civil Service" wherever they appear in regulations, regulations, orders, royal decrees and decrees.

Articles and Periodicals:

I. Afghani, Amani Abdulaziz Abdul Ghafoor, and Samha Samir Ibrahim Mohammed. 2023. "Saudi Women's Empowerment and Sustainable Development: A Study of Trends and Challenges." Arab Journal of Sociology, p. 32.

II. Ismail, Buthaina Ali Noureddine Atwan. 2021. "Legislative Requirements to Increase Women's Participation in the Workplace: An Analytical Study of the Saudi Legal System." Journal of Contemporary Egypt 112, p. 544.

III. Ben Othman, Fawzia. 2023. "Women's Economic Empowerment Between International Conventions and Constitutional Guarantees." Algerian Journal of Research and Studies 6, p. 2.

IV. Hussein, Asmaa Magdy Ali. 2022. "The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Political Empowerment of Egyptian Women: An Empirical Study on the Egyptian Center for Women's Rights." Egyptian Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, p. 6.

V. Al-Khayat, Khaled Rashad, and Sahar Abdel Sattar Imam. 2024. "Legal Protection in the Saudi Labor System in the Light of Comparative Law." Journal of Legal and Economic Studies 10, p. 1.

VI. Al-Salami, Al-Hanouf Abdel Aziz Moayoud. 2024. "Empowering Women in the Judicial System in Accordance with the Vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030." Journal of Legal and Economic Research, p. 59, vol. 1.

VII. Al-Saffar, Hassan. 2021. "Women's Empowerment: Opportunities and Challenges." Al-Kalima Magazine 28, p. 111.

VIII. Al-Ajmi, Khaled Fayez Al-Huwaila. 2017. "The Principle of the Right to Litigation: A Comparative Study of the Position of the Judiciary on the Theory of Acts of Sovereignty and the Idea of Immunization France-Egypt-Kuwait." Kuwait International Law College Journal, vol. 2, p. 2.

IX. Al-Anzi, Kateeb bin Mutair Abdel Aziz, Rouzman bin Mohammed Nour, and Amer Abdel Wahab Mihoub Murshid. 2023. "Barriers to Women's Empowerment of Their Political Rights in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Educational Sciences and Humanities, p. 34.

X. Qaliubi, Amani Muhammad Bin Mohammed. 2023. "Social Empowerment of Saudi Women from the Perspective of Islamic Education." Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University 29, p. 11.

XI. Morsi, Ahmed Mohamed Attia. 2018. "Integration of Government and Civil Sector Efforts to Legislate Women's Empowerment." Journal of Social Work, p. 60, c.

XII. Mansour, Magda Abdel Shafi Mohamed Al-Hadi Khaled. 2024. "Legal and Judicial Safeguards for Women's Empowerment to Achieve Equality and Non-Discrimination." Legal Journal 22, p. 7.

XIII. Al-Nuwaiem, Nour Meshari. 2023. "Mechanisms for Empowering Women to Participate in Political Action: Challenges and Suggestions." Journal of the Faculty of Education, p. 124.

XIV. Hilal, Huda Ibrahim Ahmed, and Maha Radwan Mohamed Mustafa. 2023. "Women's Economic Empowerment: A Renewed Trend Towards Sustainable Development." The Scientific Journal of Economics and Trade, p. 1.

Government Reports and Other Publications:

I. Family Affairs Council. 1441 A.H./2020 A.D. The role of Saudi women in society, in various business sectors, and in government sectors. Second Edition

II. UN Women. 2019. Equality before the law for women and girls by 2030. New York.

Websites:

I. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. "Promoting Women's Economic Empowerment." Accessed July 19, 2025. https://2cm.es/1bPBk.

II. The National Platform of the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. "Women's Empowerment." accessed July 19, 2025. https://my.gov.sa/ar/content/women-empowering#section-2.

III. The National Platform of the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. "Women's Empowerment." accessed July 19, 2025. https://my.gov.sa/ar/content/women-empowering#section-20.

IV. The National Platform of the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. "Women's Empowerment." accessed July 20, 2025. https://my.gov.sa/ar/content/women-empowering#section-4.

V. Saudi Women's Report 2022, p. 12, https://www.stats.gov.sa/ar/7014