الإبادة الجماعية الرقمية المسؤولية الجنائية عن توظيف الفضاء السيبراني كأداة لارتكاب جرائم الإبادة في القانون الجنائي

- The Holy Qur’an.

First: Arabic Sources

A. Books:

I. Ahmed, I. S. (2011). A Perspective on Certain Mechanisms of the International Criminal Court. Cairo: National Center for Legal Publications.

II. Al-Hadithi, F. A. R. S. (2018). Explanation of the Penal Code: General Part. Beirut: Al-Sanhouri Publishing.

III. Husni, M. N. (2012). Explanation of the Penal Code: General Part (7th ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia.

IV. Al-Haydari, J. I. (2017). Al-Wafi in the General Part of the Penal Code. Beirut: Al-Sanhouri Publishing.

V. Al-Khalaf, A. H., & Al-Shawi, S. A. Q. (2010). General Principles of Criminal Law. Cairo: Al-Atak for Book Industry.

VI. Roscrance, R. (2001). Expansion Without Conquest: The Virtual State in External Outreach (A. Barsoumi, Trans.). Cairo: Al-Ahram Translation and Publishing.

VII. Al-Shaabi, F. (2014). The Legal Regulation of Telecommunications Service Contracts (1st ed.). Lebanon: Zain Legal Publications.

VIII. Al-Tusi, M. b. al-Hasan b. Ali. (1994). Al-Amali (1st ed., Islamic Studies Department – Al-Ba’tha Foundation, Ed.). Qom: Dar Al-Thaqafa.

IX. Fadlallah, M. H. (1993). From the Inspiration of the Qur’an: Exegesis (Vol. 8, 3rd ed.). Beirut: Al-Malak Publishing House.

X. Al-Qabbanji, H. (2002). Explanation of the Treatise of Rights by Imam Zayn al-Abidin (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Beirut: Al-A’lami Publications.

XI. Kazem, N. (n.d.). Why Do We Hate? Or Unrestrained Hatreds Once Again. Beirut: Dar Su’al.

XII. Al-Labban, S. D. (2015). The Media Strategy for Confronting ISIS: A Study of the Organization’s Structure. Cairo: Arab Center for Research and Studies.

XIII. Ibn Abi al-Hadid al-Madaini. (1967). Commentary on Nahj al-Balagha (Vol. 17, 2nd ed.). Qom: Library of Grand Ayatollah al-Mar’ashi al-Najafi.

XIV. Naji, A. B. (2004). Management of Savagery: The Most Dangerous Phase the Ummah Will Experience. Islamic Studies and Research Center.

XV. Huntington, S. (1999). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (M. Ubaid & M. M. Khalaf, Trans., 1st ed.). Libya: Jamahiriya House for Publishing.

B. Research Articles

I. Al-Jader, T. Z. (2006). The Terrorist Crime and Means of Prevention. Political and International Journal – Al-Mustansiriyah University, 1(4).

II. Al-Hassani, S. (2022). The Creed of ISIS. Hammurabi Journal for Studies, 44(1).

III. Abbas, Z. M., & Farhan, B. N. A. (2025). Digital Extremism. Babel Center Journal for Human Studies, 15(6).

IV. Al-Ghalabi, R. A. (2023). Intellectual Extremism. Legal Studies Journal – Bayt Al-Hikma, 58.

V. Qasim, A. F. (2007). Legal System for Internet Service Providers. Al-Manar Journal – Algeria, 19(9).

VI. Lafta, S. T., & Jabr, Z. R. (2024). Shared Responsibility for ISIS Digital Crimes. Anbar University Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, 14(2).

VII. Mahdi, I. M. (2021). Electronic Jihad. Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science, 22(2).

C. Theses and Dissertations

I. Al-Jubouri, K. M. A. (2010). Criminal Policy in the Anti-Terrorism Law. Master’s thesis, University of Babylon.

II. Haji, Z. F. E. (2024). Criminal Protection for Victims of Enslavement. Master’s thesis, University of Baghdad.

D. Judicial Decisions

I. Federal Court of Cassation. (2018). Decision No. 8988/Criminal Board/2017.

II. Federal Court of Cassation. (2023). Decision No. 17891/Criminal Board/2023.

III. Federal Court of Cassation. (2024). Decision No. 20512/Criminal Board/2024.

E. Legislation

I. Penal Code No. 111 of 1969.

II. Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005.

III. Yazidi Survivors Law No. 8 of 2021.

F. Internet Sources

I. BBC News Arabic. (2025, October 31). "Iraqi Teen Pushes 30 Roblox Players to End Their Lives."

https://www.bbc.com/arabic/articles/czdrrpz6mvmo

Second: Foreign Sources

I. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall.

II. Conway, M. (2017). The role of social media in the rise of extremism. Journal of Terrorism Research, 8(1), 12–20.

III. Holt, T. J. (2018). Digital media and the radicalization of youth: The role of social networks. Youth & Society.

IV. Johnson, L., et al. (2022). The impact of violent content on youth. Cyberpsychology, 15(3), 85–95.

V. Karadima, S. (2016). New trends in terrorism: The use of social media, cyber-terrorism, the role of open source intelligence… (Master’s thesis, University of Piraeus). University of Piraeus Repository.

VI. Kadhim, R. A. (2025). The criminal confrontation of the cyber murder crimes. International Journal of Criminal, Common and Statutory Law, 5(1), 36–42.

VII. Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6.

VIII. Ternon, Y. (1995). Réflexions sur le génocide. In G. Chaliand (Ed.), Les minorités à l’âge de l’État-nation.

IX. Weimann, G. (2016). Terrorism in Cyberspace: The Next Generation. Columbia University Press.